Efeito combinado de carvacrol e tiabendazol contra Colletotrichum gloesporioides, Fusarium solani e Alternaria alternata / Combined effect of carvacrol and thiabendazole against Colletotrichum gloesporioides, Fusarium solani and Alternaria alternata

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a atividade antimicrobiana do carvacrol e sua combinação com tiabendazol no controle de fungos patogênicos deteriorantes de frutas (Colletotrichum gloesporioides, Fusarium solani e Alternaria alternata). O carvacrol apresentou uma concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) de 282 a 563 μg mL-1 para os fungos testados. Quando avaliado em conjunto com o tiabendazol apresentou efeito aditivo contra C. gloesporioides e F. solani (FICI 0,5 e 1,0, respectivamente) e sinérgico contra a A.alternata (FICI 0,1). Houve redução da CIM do carvacrol de 50 a 88%. Este estudo mostra o potencial do uso.

Hemorragia digestiva ocasional em criança por estrongiloidíase: importância do exame parasitológico / Occasional digestive hemorrhage in children due to strongyloidiasis: importance of parasitologic testing

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever um caso incomum de infecção por Strongyloides stercoralis (S. stercoralis) em paciente de quatro meses de idade e ressaltar a importância do diagnóstico precoce. Descrição do caso: Paciente masculino, procedente e residente de Videira, Santa Catarina, Brasil, nasceu pré-termo, parto cesárea, peso de nascimento 1.655 g, e permaneceu na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva neonatal e intermediária por 20 dias. Aos quatro meses de idade, começou a evacuar fezes sanguinolentas e foi feita hipótese de alergia à proteína do leite de vaca, em razão da sintomatologia e do uso da fórmula infantil para o primeiro semestre, para o qual foi indicada a substituição por fórmula infantil com proteína hidrolisada. Foram solicitados a pesquisa de leucócitos e o exame parasitológico das fezes). Ambos se mostraram positivos e o parasitológico revelou a presença de larva rabditoide de S. stercoralis. O clínico manteve a hipótese inicial e a dieta, mas solicitou a coleta de três amostras de fezes, que resultaram em uma amostra para larvas rabditoide, em muda, de S. stercoralis. Como a criança apresentava dor abdominal, vômito e as fezes permaneciam sanguinolentas, foi iniciado o tratamento com tiabendazol - duas vezes/dia por dois dias -, repetido após sete dias, e, em seguida, realizado o exame parasitológico de fezes, tendo sido negativo. Comentários: A estrongiloidíase, apesar de ser uma infecção parasitária frequentemente leve, em pacientes imunocomprometidos pode se apresentar de forma grave e disseminada. Deve-se suspeitar desse agente em pacientes que vivem em áreas endêmicas, sendo o diagnóstico estabelecido por meio da pesquisa das larvas do S. stercoralis na secreção traqueal e nas fezes.

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe an uncommon case of infection by Strongyloides stercoralis (S. stercoralis) in a 4-month-old child and to highlight the importance of early diagnosis. Case description: The patient was a male child from the city of Videira, State of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil, who was born preterm by Cesarean-section, weighing 1,655 g, and stayed in the neonatal intensive care unit for 20 days. At four months of age, the child started presenting blood in stools and the possibility of cow's milk protein allergy was considered, given the symptoms and the use of infant formula in his 1st semester of life, which was then replaced by infant formula with hydrolyzed protein. White blood cell count and a parasitological stool sample were requested. Both tested positive and the stool ova and parasite examination showed a rhabditoid larva of S. stercoralis. The clinician maintained the initial hypothesis and diet, but requested three new stool samples, which tested positive for rhabditoid larvae of S. stercoralis. Since the child presented abdominal pain and vomiting, and there was still blood in stools, treatment with thiabendazole was initiated twice a day for two days. Treatment was repeated after seven days along with a new parasitological examination, which was then negative. Comments: Although strongyloidiasis is usually a mild parasitic infection, it may be severe and disseminated in immunocompromised patients. This agent must be considered in patients who live in endemic areas, and the diagnosis should be established by searching S. stercoralis larvae in tracheal secretions and in stools.

Childhood Sarcoidosis mimicking tuberculosis: a case report

Abstract Sarcoidosis is a rare multisystem chronic inflammatory disease in children. We present a case of a five-year-old child with clinical features mimicking several diseases, including tuberculosis. After failure of treatment based on the suspected diagnosis, an axillary lymph node biopsy showed noncaseating granulomas compatible with sarcoidosis and appropriate treatment was then started.

Características clínico-epidemiológicas de la estrongiloidiasis en pacientes portadores de co-morbilidades / Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of strongyloidiasis in patients with comorbidities

The strongyloidiasis is a parasitic disease that poses as a serious public health problem, mainly in tropical and subtropical countries. Over the years, some conditions, such as advances in corticosteroid treatment and immunosuppressive diseases, have improved not only the increase in cases of strongyloidiasis, but also the emergence of severe forms of the disease and / or deaths. For these reasons, the objective of this study is to make a critical analysis of the occurrence of strongyloidiasis in patients with comorbidities, describing clinical and epidemiological characteristics associated with these diseases that can highlight the importance of monitoring this parasitosis in most susceptible groups.

La estrongiloidiasis es una parasitosis que representa un grave problema de salud pública, principalmente en países ubicados en regiones tropicales y subtropicales. A lo largo de los años, algunas condiciones, como por ejemplo, avances en el tratamiento con corticosteroides y enfermedades que evolucionan con inmunosupresión, han favorecido no solamente al aumento de casos de estrongiloidiasis, sino también al surgimiento de formas graves de la enfermedad y/u decesos. Por lo expuesto, el objetivo del presente estudio fue realizar un análisis crítico de la ocurrencia de la estrongiloidiasis en portadores de co-morbilidades, describiendo las características clínico-epidemiológicas de esa asociación que puedan resaltar la importancia de vigilar esta parasitosis en grupos considerados más susceptibles.

Cytotoxic effect of thiabendazole on hn5 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line

Statement of the Problem: Evidence shows thiabendazole has the potential to inhibit angiogenesis in melanoma and fibrosarcoma; however, its effect on oral squamous cell carcinoma has not been previously studied

Purpose: This study sought to assess the cytotoxic effects of thiabendazole on HN5 head and neck squamous carcinoma cell line

Materials and Method: HN5 cell lines were exposed to different concentrations of thiabendazole [prepared from 99% pure powder] for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Cell viability was assessed by the methyl thiazol tetrazolium assay, and IC50 of thiabendazole was calculated. Cells were also exposed to different concentrations of thiabendazole for 48 hours to determine its effect on expression and transcription of vascular endo-thelial growth factor gene. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The vascular endothelial growth factor release was assessed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test

Results: In all concentrations of thiabendazole except for 200 and 550uM, cell viability was significantly different at different time points [p< 0.05]. At 48 and 72 hours, cell viability at all concentrations of thiabendazole [100-65OuM] significantly decreased compared to the control group [zero concentration]

In addition, cell viability significantly decreased with an increase in thiabendazole concentration. At 48 hours, expression of vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA was significantly lower in presence of 500uM thiabendazole compared to the control group [p< 0.001] and release of vascular endothelial growth factor was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner

Conclusion: Thiabendazole inhibited the proliferation of HN5 cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. It also inhibited the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor gene

Tungíase atualidades clínicas / Tungiase clinical news

O objetivo deste artigo é revisar as características clínicas da tungíase. A Tunga penetrans é a menor das pulgas conhecidas, alcançando 1 milímetro de comprimento quando atinge a fase adulta. Os relatos antigos de surtos de tungíase são escassos em relação aos registros epidemiológicos. O diagnóstico da doença é realizado através da história epidemiológica e dos achados clínicos, aliados ao exame direto com visualização do parasita, após abertura da lesão com agulha estéril. A retirada da pulga é o tratamento preconizado, sendo a profilaxia a melhor alternativa para controlar o parasita. Os profissionais de saúde devem atentar para a importância de se orientar as populações de áreas endêmicas em relação à doença, a fim de reduzir o número de casos e de complicações.

The purpose of this article is to review the clinical features of tungiasis. Tunga penetrans is the smallest known flea, reaching a millimeter in length when fully grown. The earliest accounts of outbreaks of tungiasis are scarce in relation to epidemiological records. The diagnosis is made by history and clinical epidemiological findings, coupled with the direct examination with visualization of the parasite after opening the wound with a sterile needle. The removal of the flea is the recommended treatment, and prophylaxis the best way to control the parasite. Healthcare professionals should be aware as to the importance of educating the public in endemic areas for the disease in order to reduce the number of cases and complications.

Comparación de tecnologías de oxidación (TAO´s) para la degradación del pesticida Mertect / Comparison of oxidation technologies (TAO’s) for pesticide degradation Mertect

El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo realizar la comparación de tecnologías avanzadas de oxidación (TAO´s) para la degradación del pesticida Mertect. Para el diseño experimental del trabajo se empleó un fotoreactor. La degradación del pesticida se determinó mediante espectrofotometría ultravioleta/visible, método que permitió determinar que los procesos fotoquímicos basados en la fotocatálisis heterogénea con dióxido de titanio – TiO2 y los procesos de fotocatálisis homogénea con hierro (III) permiten obtener porcentajes de remoción significativos del pesticida superiores al 99.0 y al 95.0 respectivamente, lo que permite concluir que los procesos de oxidación avanzados son adecuados para la remoción y degradación del pesticida Mertect.

Potential immunological markers for diagnosis and therapeutic assessment of toxocariasis / Estudo de marcadores imunológicos para o diagnóstico e avaliação terapêutica da toxocaríase

In human toxocariasis, there are few approaches using immunological markers for diagnosis and therapeutic assessment. An immunoblot (IB) assay using excretory-secretory Toxocara canis antigen was standardized for monitoring IgG, IgE and IgA antibodies in 27 children with toxocariasis (23 visceral, three mixed visceral and ocular, and one ocular form) for 22-116 months after chemotherapy. IB sensitivity was 100 percent for IgG antibodies to bands of molecular weight 29-38, 48-54, 95-116, 121-162, >205 kDa, 80.8 percent for IgE to 29-38, 48-54, 95-121, > 205 kDa, and 65.4 percent for IgA to 29-38, 48-54, 81-93 kDa. Candidates for diagnostic markers should be IgG antibodies to bands of low molecular weight (29-38 and 48-54 kDa). One group of patients presented the same antibody reactivity to all bands throughout the follow-up study; in the other group, antibodies decayed partially or completely to some or all bands, but these changes were not correlated with time after chemotherapy. Candidates for monitoring patients after chemotherapy may be IgG antibodies to > 205 kDa fractions, IgA to 29-38, 48-54, 81-93 kDa and IgE to 95-121 kDa. Further identification of antigen epitopes related to these markers will allow the development of sensitive and specific immunoassays for the diagnosis and therapeutic assessment of toxocariasis.

Métodos imunológicos desempenham papel importante no diagnóstico da toxocaríase, entretanto há poucos estudos sobre marcadores diagnósticos e de acompanhamento terapêutico. Foi padronizado ensaio de immunoblot (IB) empregando antígeno de excreção-secreção de Toxocara canis para pesquisa de anticorpos IgG, IgE e IgA em 27 crianças com toxocaríase nas formas visceral (23), mista visceral e ocular (3) e ocular (1), por 22-116 meses após quimioterapia. Foram observados dois perfis de reatividade dos anticorpos: permanência contra todas as frações no decorrer do estudo; diminuição ou negativação contra algumas ou todas as frações, porém, essas mudanças não se correlacionaram com tempo de tratamento. A sensibilidade do IB foi 100,0 por cento para anticorpos IgG específicos para frações de massa molecular de 29-38, 48-54, 95-116, 121-162, > 205 kDa, 80,8 por cento para IgE específicos para 29-38, 48-54, 95-121, > 205 kDa e 65,4 por cento para IgA específicos para 29-38, 48-54, 81-93 kDa. Anticorpos IgG específicos para frações de baixa MM (29-38 e 48-54 kDa) podem ser sugeridos como candidatos a marcadores diagnósticos. Por sua vez, anticorpos IgG para fração > 205 kDa, IgA para 29-38, 48-54, 81-93 kDa e IgE para 95-121 kDa podem ser candidatos a marcadores terapêuticos. A identificação de epítopos antigênicos relacionados a estes marcadores poderá ser importante para o desenvolvimento de ensaios altamente sensíveis e específicos no diagnóstico e avaliação terapêutica da toxocaríase.

Recent Advances in the Use of Anthelmintics for Treating Nematode Infections

The recent trends of parasitic infections in Korea include remarkable decreases of soil-transmitted nematode infections and elimination of lymphatic filariasis. In comparison, enterobiasis (pinworm infection) continues to be prevalent among children and the cases of zoonotic tissue-invading nematode infection are slightly increasing or they are being increasingly diagnosed. In addition, imported parasitoses continue to be problems from the clinical and public health points of view. In this review, the advances in the management and anthelmintic treatment of these nematode infections are briefly reviewed. Albendazole, mebendazole, thiabendazole, flubendazole, pyrantel pamoate, pyrvinium pamoate, oxantel pamoate, levamisole, ivermectin, and diethylcarbamazine are the examples of anti-nematode anthelmintics that are currently being used. Although several of these drugs are known to be broad-spectrum anthelmintics, selection of each drug should be done specifically for each nematode infection, and with consideration of the specific conditions of each patient and the purposes, for example, when performing individual or mass treatment. It is hoped that the chemotherapy regimens reviewed here will help physicians to treat their patients infected with nematode parasites.

Thiabendazole inhibits ubiquinone reduction activity of mitochondrial respiratory complex II via a water molecule mediated binding feature

The mitochondrial respiratory complex II or succinate: ubiquinone oxidoreductase (SQR) is a key membrane complex in both the tricarboxylic acid cycle and aerobic respiration. Five disinfectant compounds were investigated with their potent inhibition effects on the ubiquinone reduction activity of the porcine mitochondrial SQR by enzymatic assay and crystallography. Crystal structure of the SQR bound with thiabendazole (TBZ) reveals a different inhibitor-binding feature at the ubiquinone binding site where a water molecule plays an important role. The obvious inhibitory effect of TBZ based on the biochemical data (IC(50) ~100 μmol/L) and the significant structure-based binding affinity calculation (~94 μmol/L) draw the suspicion of using TBZ as a good disinfectant compound for nematode infections treatment and fruit storage.

Infecção pulmonar por Strongyloides stercoralis em paciente tratado com imunosupressores / Case report: Pulmonary infection by Strongyloides stercoralis in a patient treated with immunosupressors

Strongyloides stercoralis é um parasito predominantemente intestinal. Nos casos graves, pode evoluir para a forma disseminada, principalmente se houver utilização prolongada de glicocorticóides, medicamentos imunodepressores ou radioterapia. Relata-se, neste estudo, o caso de P.F.C.S., do sexo feminino, 16 anos, proveniente da comunidade Menino de Deus na ilha de Pratari, município de Manacapuru, estado do Amazonas, Brasil, com diagnóstico de anemia hemolítica auto-imune desde agosto de 2005. Nenhum dos exames parasitológicos de fezes apresentou positividade para Strongyloides stercoralis, tendo sido detectado apenas no exame de escarro. Foi tratada com tiabendazol, via oral, sem resultado favorável e evoluiu para óbito. Ficou evidenciada a importância da realização de exames complementares, como o parasitológico de fezes, antes da utilização de medicamentos indicados para o tratamento de anemia hemolítica.

Rapid determination of thiabendazole residue in barbary wolfberry fruit by ion exchange chromatography and fluorescence detection / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To developed a method for the determination of thiabendazole residues in barbary wolfberry fruit by ion exchange chromatography (IEC) with fluorescence detection.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The samples were extracted with 0.1% H3PO4. Chromatographic analysis was performed on a Supelcosil LC-SCX (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column eluted with 0.1 mol x L(-1) KH2PO4 (pH 3.0)-acetonitrile (70:30) and detection at lamdaex = 307 nm and lamdaem = 359 nm.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Thiabendazole in measured samples was separated completely. The calibration curve was linear at the range of 0.0005-0.02 mg x L(-1) with good precision and accuracy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The proposed method was satisfactorily applied to the analysis of thiabendazole residues in barbary wolfberry fruit.</p>

Estrongiloidíase disseminada na ausência de imunodeficiência / Disseminated strongyloidiasis in absence of immunodeficiency

A estrongiloidíase disseminada na ausência de imunodeficiência é quadro pouco comum em nosso meio. A dificuldade do diagnóstico leva ao atraso na terapêutica e à maior mortalidade nesses casos. Os autores apresentam o caso de um paciente internado com dor epigástrica e periumbilical, que evoluiu com distúrbio hidreletrolítico grave. A endoscopia digestiva mostrou duodenite erosiva grave, pangastrite e pólipo gástrico, que, ao exame histopatológico, revelou a presença de Strongyloides stercoralis. O anti-HIV foi negativo. Objetiva-se contribuir para o conhecimento da estrongiloidíase disseminada em pacientes imunocompetentes, discutindo-se as condutas diagnósticas e terapêuticas nesses casos

A case of poly-parasitism involving a trematode and four different nematodes in a migrant from Bihar.

Reported is a case of seven-year-old, migrant from Bihar state, infested with Fasciolopsis buski Strongyloides stercoralis Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Ankylostoma duodenale in feces. Patient responded to treatment with piperazine, thiabendazole and albendazole, the importance of considering multiple and non-endemicparasite infestations in migrant of poor socio-economic background is emphasized.

Risk factors for strongyloidiasis hyperinfection and clinical outcomes.

Strongyloidiasis, caused by Strongyloides stercoralis, consists of various clinical syndromes. Strongyloidiasis hyperinfection leads to morbidity and mortality particularly in immunocompromized patients. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for strongyloidiasis hyperinfection and clinical outcomes. The medical records for hospitalized patients infected with S. stercoralis at Ramathibodi Hospital during 1994-2005 were retrospectively reviewed. Risk factors for strongyloidiasis hyperinfection were determined. There were 123 episodes of strongyloidiasis in 111 patients. The mean age was 46.8 +/- 17.8 years; 61% were males. Of 123 episodes, 37 (30.1%) had strongyloidiasis hyperinfection; the others had chronic strongyloidiasis. All the patients with strongyloidiasis hyperinfection and 88.3% of those with chronic strongyloidiasis were immunocompromized (p = 0.032); 89.2% of the former and 55.8% of the latter had received corticosteroids (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the type of immunocompromized host and the corticosteroid dosage between the two groups (p > 0.05). The hyperinfection group had a lower mean serum protein (p = 0.026) and albumin (p = 0.027) but a higher frequency of sepsis (p = 0.029), asthma-like symptoms (p = 0.025), adult respiratory distress syndrome (p = 0.026), and a longer duration of treatment (p=0.004). By logistic regression, corticosteroids use was a risk factor for hyperinfection (OR = 6.5, 95% CI = 2.1-20.0, p = 0.001). Most of the patients were treated with albendazole or thiabendazole, with a cure rate of 76.9%, whereas other recent cases treated with ivermectin had an average cure rate of 83.3%. The overall mortality rate was 8.1%.

Gastroenterite eosinofílica com ascite e sem i-obstrução intestinal: relato de caso e revisão da literatura / Eosinophilic gastroenteritis with ascites and intestinal pseudo-obstruction: report of a case and literature review

A gastroenterite eosinofílica (GE) é considerada uma doença pouco comum, com menos de 300 casos relatados na literatura. É caracterizada por infiltração eosinofílica das camadas da parede do tubo digestivo. A patogênese não é bem conhecida. Há algumas evidências da participação de fatores imunológicos ou alérgicos. Em geral, o prognóstico é favorável, embora a doença tenha caráter recorrente. Relata-se o caso de paciente, 21 anos, sexo masculino/ que apresentou quadro de dor abdominal, náusea, vômitos, emagrecimento e eliminação reduzida de flatos e fezes. Ao exame físico, foram observadas distensão abdominal, dor à palpação e ascite tensa. Os exames laboratoriais demonstraram eosinofilia no sangue periférico, variando de 15 a 60%. Exames parasitológicos de fezes seriados não mostraram ovos ou larvas. Ao estudo radiológico, identificaram-se espessamento da parede do intestino delgado e redução do lume. Infiltração eosinofílica da mucosa do cólon distal foi verificada pelo exame anatomopatológico. Com base nesses achados, o diagnóstico de GEfoi realizado e instituído o tratamento com prednisona, ocorrendo remissão da doença. Apesar de ser considerada doença rara e de causa ainda desconhecida, a GEdeve ser incluída no diagnóstico diferencial dos quadros de eosinofilia periférica com comprometimento do trato gastrintestinal (TGI).